Aşağıdaki antimikotik ilaçlardan hangisi mantar hücre duvarında ki ergosterole irreversibl olarak bağlanır?
A) Vorikanozol
B) Ketokonozol
C) Kaspofungin
D) Griseofulvin
E) Amfoteresin B***********
Amphoteresin B (polyenes) binds irreversibly to ergosterol. Azoles inhibit ergosterol synthesis. Polyenes are fungicidal agents and irreversibly bind to ergosterol in the cell membrane and rupture the cell membrane.
Cations such as Na, K and Ca go out of the cell through the aqueous channels formed in the cell membrane. They are ineffective against dermatophytes. These drugs also have a toxic effect by adhering to cholesterol in the human cell membrane.
Side effects such as fever, chills, and nausea may occur. Amphotericin B is one of the most nephrotoxic drugs known. It may cause acute tubular necrosis.
The classic form is amphotericin B deoxycholate. Other forms are amphotericin B colloidal dispersion, amphotericin B lipid complex and liposomal amphotericin B.
Lipid-containing forms have the same effectiveness as amphotericin B, but their toxicity is less. Pseudoallescheria boydii, Trichsporon beigelii, Aspergillus terreus, Malassezia furfur, Fusarium species and Candida lusitaniae are resistant to amphotericin B. Nystatin is a polyene used topically.
This drug is too toxic to be used systemically. Azoles inhibit ergosterol synthesis.
They interact with cytochrome 450 and inhibit the enzyme lanosterol demethylase, which synthesizes ergosterol from lanosterol. Among the azoles, the ones that pass into the CSF most frequently are fluconazole and voriconazole, respectively.
Fluconazole is ineffective against aspergillus. Voriconazole is the first choice antifungal in invasive aspergillosis. Both drugs have a higher CSF penetration rate (approximately 70%) than amphotericin B.
The most common side effects of azoles are gastrointestinal dysfunction. The most common side effect is ketoconazole.
Itraconazole may cause hepatotoxicity and heart failure with long-term use. It should not be used in patients with ventricular anomalies. Voriconazole may cause acute blurred vision that improves upon discontinuation of the drug.
Azoles can also cause endocrine disorders such as impotence, gynecomastia, oligospermia, and adrenal insufficiency.