Histopathology stages (by Ludwig and Scheuer systems)
Stage 1 – portal stage: Normal-sized triads, portal inflammation, subtle bile duct damage: Granulomas are often detected in this stage.
Stage 2 – periportal stage: Enlarged triads, periportal fibrosis and/or inflammation, typically characterized by the finding of a proliferation of small bile ducts
Stage 3 – septal stage: Active and/or passive fibrous septa
Stage 4 – biliary cirrhosis: Nodules present, garland or jigsaw puzzle pattern
